SOCIALIST REVOLUTION

In Marxian ideology, socialist revolution is a critical concept representing the moment when the inherent contradictions within a capitalist system reach their breaking point, leading to a radical transformation of society. It is the point at which the tension between the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) and the working class (the proletariat) can no longer be contained within the existing social, economic, and political structures. Revolution, in this context, leads to a qualitative shift in the structure of society, resulting in the emergence of a new socio-economic order.

To fully understand the nature of revolution in Marxian theory, it is helpful to view it through the lens of quantum dialectics—a framework that explores the dynamic interplay between cohesive forces (which promote stability and unity) and decohesive forces (which drive change and disruption). Quantum dialectics helps illuminate the processes through which the tension between these forces escalates, culminating in a systemic rupture and reorganization. In this article, we will explore how the Marxian concept of revolution aligns with the principles of quantum dialectics and the role of class struggle as a driving force behind revolutionary change.

Quantum dialectics, drawing from both quantum mechanics and dialectical philosophy, posits that systems are governed by a dynamic equilibrium between opposing forces. Cohesive forces maintain the stability and unity of the system, ensuring that its structures and functions remain intact. Decoherent forces, on the other hand, introduce disruption and instability, driving change and transformation within the system. These forces are in constant tension, and when decohesive forces begin to outweigh cohesive forces, the system reaches a critical point where it can no longer maintain its existing equilibrium.

This point of rupture, where the system can no longer contain the tension between opposing forces, leads to a sudden breakage or reorganization into a new equilibrium. The old cohesive forces are no longer capable of maintaining the system’s integrity, and the system undergoes a qualitative change, emerging with new properties and structures. This process, in Marxian terms, is called revolution.

In Marxian thought, revolution is not merely a political upheaval but a fundamental transformation of society’s economic and class structures. Marx viewed history as a series of class struggles, where the contradictions between different modes of production and the interests of different classes ultimately lead to revolutionary breaks.

Under capitalism, the primary contradiction is between the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production, and the proletariat, who sell their labor to survive. The cohesive forces within capitalism—such as private property, profit motives, and state institutions—maintain the dominance of the capitalist class and the exploitation of the working class. However, capitalism is inherently unstable due to its internal contradictions. These contradictions give rise to decohesive forces, such as economic crises, mass unemployment, and increasing inequality, which intensify class struggle and erode the system’s cohesion.

As these decohesive forces accumulate, they generate increasing instability within the capitalist system. The proletariat becomes more conscious of its exploitation, organizing itself as a class against the capitalist system. The escalating tension between the bourgeoisie’s desire to maintain the status quo (cohesive forces) and the proletariat’s demand for liberation (decohesive forces) pushes the system toward a critical point. According to Marx, when the capitalist system can no longer contain the contradictions between labor and capital, revolution becomes inevitable.

In Marxian ideology, class struggle is a fundamental decohesive force that drives the transformation of society by disrupting the existing socio-economic equilibrium. Through the lens of quantum dialectics, class struggle can be understood as a dynamic force that introduces instability and conflict into the capitalist system. The inherent contradiction between the bourgeoisie (who control the means of production) and the proletariat (who sell their labor) creates constant tension. As the proletariat becomes increasingly aware of its exploitation, this struggle intensifies, weakening the cohesive forces that maintain the capitalist order—such as private property, state institutions, and ideologies that legitimize inequality. When the decohesive force of class struggle reaches a critical point, it overwhelms the system’s capacity to maintain stability, leading to a revolutionary rupture. The system then reorganizes, incorporating new cohesive forces, and a new socio-economic structure—such as socialism—emerges, reflecting the interests of the working class. In this way, class struggle acts as the driving force for qualitative change in society, pushing it towards a new equilibrium.

In the framework of quantum dialectics, class consciousness of the working class acts as a potent decohesive force that disrupts the stability of the capitalist system. Class consciousness refers to the awareness among workers of their shared exploitation and subjugation under capitalist structures. As the working class recognizes its collective position in relation to the bourgeoisie, the ideological cohesion that sustains the capitalist system—such as the belief in meritocracy, individualism, or the legitimacy of private property—begins to erode. This collective awakening challenges the dominant capitalist ideologies that promote passivity and acceptance of inequality. As class consciousness spreads, it intensifies the contradictions within capitalism, increasing social tensions and undermining the cohesive forces (e.g., legal, political, and economic institutions) that maintain the system’s integrity. The rise of class consciousness accelerates the breakdown of capitalist stability, ultimately leading to revolutionary potential, where the working class organizes to dismantle the existing system and replace it with a more egalitarian, socialist structure. In this sense, class consciousness is a key force driving systemic change and the reorganization of society.

In the context of quantum dialectics, innovations in tools of production and the emergence of new productive forces act as significant decohesive forces that disrupt the existing socio-economic equilibrium. As technological advancements and new means of production—such as automation, artificial intelligence, and digital platforms—transform the economy, they challenge the stability of the old production relations that once defined the capitalist system. These innovations lead to increased productivity but also displace labor, alter market dynamics, and intensify contradictions between capital and labor. Traditional industries and labor practices become increasingly obsolete, weakening the cohesive forces that uphold the current economic order, such as stable employment, predictable wage structures, and established production methods. The introduction of new productive forces accelerates class conflict by exacerbating inequality, displacing workers, and concentrating wealth, thereby undermining the cohesion of the capitalist system. As these forces grow, they push the system toward a critical rupture, creating the conditions for revolutionary change and the emergence of new socio-economic structures that better align with the advanced productive capabilities of society.

In the light of quantum dialectics, a communist party has dual role that is obviously dialectic by its inherent nature. It operates as a decohesive force within the capitalist system by actively challenging the existing socio-economic structures, ideologies, and institutions that maintain capitalist stability. Same time, it acts as a cohesive force by organizing working class and allies around it. Through organizing the working class, raising class consciousness, and promoting revolutionary ideals, the communist party on one side creates the cohesion of the revolutionary forces, and on the other side, act as decohesive force undermining the legitimacy of private property, wage labor, and the dominance of the bourgeoisie. Organized resistance agitates against the cohesive forces—such as state power, capitalist ideologies, and economic systems—leading to a build-up of social and political tensions. Once these decohesive forces reach a critical point and capitalism collapses, resulting in revolution, the communist party’s role shifts. After the revolution, it transitions from a decohesive force into a cohesive force by constructing and maintaining the new socialist order. It assumes the responsibility of stabilizing society by instituting new political and economic systems, such as collective ownership, state planning, and workers’ councils, which become the cohesive elements of the new equilibrium. Thus, the communist party’s role transforms from one of disruption to one of consolidation, ensuring the new system functions and reflects the interests of the working class.

The tension between cohesive and decohesive forces can be understood as a gradual buildup of pressures within the capitalist system. Cohesive forces, such as political institutions, ideologies, and laws, attempt to maintain the existing order by stabilizing social relations and suppressing revolutionary potential. These cohesive forces, however, are continually challenged by decohesive forces, including economic crises, class consciousness, and the mobilization of the working class.

In the capitalist system, cohesive forces include the mechanisms that maintain the dominance of the capitalist class. Private property, wage labor, capitalist markets, and the legal framework that upholds the capitalist state are all elements of this cohesion. These forces work to stabilize the economy, suppress class conflict, and maintain the capitalist mode of production. The capitalist state, in particular, functions as a cohesive force by enforcing laws, protecting property rights, and managing social unrest through policing and, in some cases, welfare measures.

At the same time, capitalism generates its own decohesive forces. Economic inequality, unemployment, exploitation, alienation, and periodic crises of overproduction or underconsumption all create instability within the system. The proletariat, facing the contradictions of their exploitation, develops class consciousness and begins to organize against the ruling class. As the contradictions intensify, these decohesive forces grow stronger, weakening the existing social order and pushing the system toward rupture.

When the decohesive forces become so strong that they overwhelm the cohesive forces, the capitalist system can no longer maintain its structure. The existing social, political, and economic order begins to break down, and the system reaches a point of qualitative change—a revolution. In this process, the old cohesive forces collapse, and new ones emerge, leading to the formation of a new socio-economic system.

According to Marxian theory, revolution is not just a quantitative accumulation of dissatisfaction or unrest; it is a **qualitative transformation**. In quantum dialectics, when decohesive forces overwhelm cohesive forces, the system undergoes a phase transition. This is analogous to the transition from capitalism to socialism in Marxian thought.

During a revolutionary period, the old capitalist system breaks down under the weight of its contradictions. The ruling class, no longer able to suppress the demands of the working class, loses control over the means of production and the state apparatus. Economic and political institutions that once maintained capitalist domination—such as private property, capitalist markets, and the state—are dismantled or restructured.

In the aftermath of revolution, a new dynamic equilibrium emerges, based on the principles of socialism. The cohesive forces of the new system are different from those of capitalism. Instead of private property and profit motives, the new system is based on collective ownership of the means of production, democratic control of economic planning, and the abolition of class divisions. The proletariat, having overthrown the bourgeoisie, reorganizes society along socialist lines, creating a new social order that reflects the interests of the working class.

In the framework of quantum dialectics, ‘socialism’ can be understood as an emergent property of the new dynamic equilibrium that arises after a revolution, when the tension between cohesive and decohesive forces within the capitalist system reaches a breaking point. During the revolutionary process, the accumulation of decohesive forces—such as class consciousness, labor struggles, technological innovations, and political organization—overpowers the cohesive forces that maintain capitalist stability, resulting in the system’s collapse. As the old socio-economic structures disintegrate, a new equilibrium emerges, shaped by the collective efforts of the working class and the institutions they establish. In this newly stabilized order, socialism manifests as a system characterized by collective ownership of the means of production, equitable distribution of resources, and the dismantling of class hierarchies. The new cohesive forces under socialism—such as state planning, workers’ councils, and cooperative production—work to sustain this equilibrium, reflecting the collective interests of the working class and fostering social and economic justice. In this sense, socialism is not just the result of a rupture but the qualitative transformation of society into a new, stable configuration that resolves the contradictions of capitalism.

In the post-revolutionary period, new cohesive forces arise to stabilize the socialist system. These may include workers’ councils, communal ownership, and state planning mechanisms that promote economic equality and the collective welfare of society. The state, in its new form, serves as a tool for the working class to protect the gains of the revolution and prevent the reemergence of capitalist relations. Over time, the system seeks a new equilibrium where the contradictions of capitalism are resolved, and a classless society emerges.

Class struggle is the primary engine of revolutionary change in Marxian theory, and it is through this struggle that the tensions between cohesive and decohesive forces are heightened. As the working class becomes increasingly aware of its exploitation, it begins to organize and resist the ruling class. Strikes, protests, and political movements are all manifestations of class struggle, which act as decohesive forces challenging the stability of the capitalist system.

As the working class gains strength and solidarity, the contradictions within capitalism intensify, leading to escalating conflicts between labor and capital. In this process, the working class not only fights for immediate improvements in wages and working conditions but also for the overthrow of the capitalist system itself. Revolution, therefore, represents the culmination of class struggle, where the working class seizes power and reorganizes society in its own interests.

The concept of revolution in Marxian ideology, when viewed through the lens of quantum dialectics, becomes a dynamic process of systemic rupture and reorganization. As the tension between cohesive and decohesive forces within capitalism intensifies, the system reaches a point where decohesive forces outweigh cohesive forces, leading to the collapse of the old order. Revolution is the moment when the system undergoes a qualitative transformation, emerging with new properties, new social relations, and a new equilibrium.

In the Marxian framework, this revolutionary process is driven by class struggle, as the working class confronts the contradictions of capitalism and seeks to create a new socio-economic system based on collective ownership, equality, and the abolition of exploitation. Understanding revolution through the principles of quantum dialectics provides a deeper insight into the forces at play in revolutionary change, highlighting the dynamic and transformative nature of societal evolution.